2 Kings 23
TSK
And the king sent, and they gathered unto him all the elders of Judah and of Jerusalem.
And the king went up into the house of the LORD, and all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem with him, and the priests, and the prophets, and all the people, both small and great: and he read in their ears all the words of the book of the covenant which was found in the house of the LORD.

both small and great. Heb. from small even unto great.

Genesis 19:11 And they smote the men that were at the door of the house with blindness, …

1 Samuel 5:9 And it was so, that, after they had carried it about, the hand of …

1 Samuel 30:2 And had taken the women captives, that were therein: they slew not …

2 Chronicles 15:13 That whoever would not seek the LORD God of Israel should be put …

Esther 1:5 And when these days were expired, the king made a feast to all the …

Job 3:19 The small and great are there; and the servant is free from his master.

Psalm 115:13 He will bless them that fear the LORD, both small and great.

Acts 26:22 Having therefore obtained help of God, I continue to this day, witnessing …

Revelation 20:12 And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books …

he read.

Deuteronomy 31:10-13 And Moses commanded them, saying, At the end of every seven years, …

2 Chronicles 17:9 And they taught in Judah, and had the book of the law of the LORD …

Nehemiah 8:1-8 And all the people gathered themselves together as one man into the …

Nehemiah 9:3 And they stood up in their place, and read in the book of the law …

Nehemiah 13:1 On that day they read in the book of Moses in the audience of the …

the book.

2 Kings 22:8 And Hilkiah the high priest said to Shaphan the scribe, I have found …

Deuteronomy 31:26 Take this book of the law, and put it in the side of the ark of the …

1 Kings 8:9 There was nothing in the ark save the two tables of stone, which …

And the king stood by a pillar, and made a covenant before the LORD, to walk after the LORD, and to keep his commandments and his testimonies and his statutes with all their heart and all their soul, to perform the words of this covenant that were written in this book. And all the people stood to the covenant.

stood.

2 Kings 11:14,17 And when she looked, behold, the king stood by a pillar, as the manner …

2 Chronicles 23:13 And she looked, and, behold, the king stood at his pillar at the …

2 Chronicles 34:31,32 And the king stood in his place, and made a covenant before the LORD, …

made a covenant.

Exodus 24:7,8 And he took the book of the covenant, and read in the audience of …

Deuteronomy 5:1-3 And Moses called all Israel, and said to them, Hear, O Israel, the …

Deuteronomy 29:1,10-15 These are the words of the covenant, which the LORD commanded Moses …

Joshua 24:25 So Joshua made a covenant with the people that day, and set them …

2 Chronicles 15:12-14 And they entered into a covenant to seek the LORD God of their fathers …

2 Chronicles 23:16 And Jehoiada made a covenant between him, and between all the people, …

2 Chronicles 29:10 Now it is in my heart to make a covenant with the LORD God of Israel, …

Ezra 10:3 Now therefore let us make a covenant with our God to put away all …

Nehemiah 9:38 And because of all this we make a sure covenant, and write it; and …

Nehemiah 10:28-39 And the rest of the people, the priests, the Levites, the porters, …

Jeremiah 50:5 They shall ask the way to Zion with their faces thitherward, saying, Come…

Hebrews 8:8-13 For finding fault with them, he said, Behold, the days come, said the Lord…

Hebrews 12:24 And to Jesus the mediator of the new covenant, and to the blood of …

Hebrews 13:20 Now the God of peace, that brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus, …

to walk.

Deuteronomy 8:19 And it shall be, if you do at all forget the LORD your God, and walk …

his commandments.

Deuteronomy 4:45 These are the testimonies, and the statutes, and the judgments, which …

Deuteronomy 5:1 And Moses called all Israel, and said to them, Hear, O Israel, the …

Deuteronomy 6:1 Now these are the commandments, the statutes, and the judgments, …

Psalm 19:7-9 The law of the LORD is perfect, converting the soul: the testimony …

with all their heart.

Deuteronomy 6:5 And you shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, and with …

Deuteronomy 10:12 And now, Israel, what does the LORD your God require of you, but …

Deuteronomy 11:13 And it shall come to pass, if you shall listen diligently to my commandments …

Matthew 22:36,37 Master, which is the great commandment in the law…

And all.

Exodus 24:3 And Moses came and told the people all the words of the LORD, and …

Joshua 24:24 And the people said to Joshua, The LORD our God will we serve, and …

2 Chronicles 34:32,33 And he caused all that were present in Jerusalem and Benjamin to stand to it…

Ecclesiastes 8:2 I counsel you to keep the king's commandment, and that in regard …

Jeremiah 4:2 And you shall swear, The LORD lives, in truth, in judgment, and in …

And the king commanded Hilkiah the high priest, and the priests of the second order, and the keepers of the door, to bring forth out of the temple of the LORD all the vessels that were made for Baal, and for the grove, and for all the host of heaven: and he burned them without Jerusalem in the fields of Kidron, and carried the ashes of them unto Bethel.

priests of the second order. These were either such as occasionally supplied the high priest's office, or those of the second course or order established by David. See the References.

1 Chronicles 24:4-19 And there were more chief men found of the sons of Eleazar than of …

Matthew 26:3 Then assembled together the chief priests, and the scribes, and the …

Matthew 27:1 When the morning was come, all the chief priests and elders of the …

the keepers. See on

2 Kings 22:4 Go up to Hilkiah the high priest, that he may sum the silver which …

1 Chronicles 26:1-19 Concerning the divisions of the porters: Of the Korhites was Meshelemiah …

to bring.

2 Kings 21:3,7 For he built up again the high places which Hezekiah his father had …

2 Chronicles 33:3,7 For he built again the high places which Hezekiah his father had …

2 Chronicles 34:3,4 For in the eighth year of his reign, while he was yet young, he began …

Baal.

2 Kings 17:16 And they left all the commandments of the LORD their God, and made …

Judges 2:13 And they forsook the LORD, and served Baal and Ashtaroth.

1 Kings 16:31 And it came to pass, as if it had been a light thing for him to walk …

1 Kings 18:19,26,40 Now therefore send, and gather to me all Israel to mount Carmel, …

1 Kings 19:18 Yet I have left me seven thousand in Israel, all the knees which …

Isaiah 27:9 By this therefore shall the iniquity of Jacob be purged; and this …

Jeremiah 7:9 Will you steal, murder, and commit adultery, and swear falsely, and …

Kidron.

2 Samuel 15:23 And all the country wept with a loud voice, and all the people passed …

John 18:1 When Jesus had spoken these words, he went forth with his disciples …

Cedron.
Beth-el.

1 Kings 12:29 And he set the one in Bethel, and the other put he in Dan.

Hosea 4:15 Though you, Israel, play the harlot, yet let not Judah offend; and …

Amos 4:4 Come to Bethel, and transgress; at Gilgal multiply transgression; …

And he put down the idolatrous priests, whom the kings of Judah had ordained to burn incense in the high places in the cities of Judah, and in the places round about Jerusalem; them also that burned incense unto Baal, to the sun, and to the moon, and to the planets, and to all the host of heaven.

put down. Heb. caused to cease. the idolatrous priests. Heb. Chemarim.

Hosea 10:5 The inhabitants of Samaria shall fear because of the calves of Bethaven: …

Zephaniah 1:4 I will also stretch out my hand on Judah, and on all the inhabitants …

planets. or, twelve signs, or constellations.
So the Vulgate {duodecim signa}, 'the twelve signs,' i.e., the zodiac; which is the most probable meaning of the word {mazzaloth}, from the Arabic {manzeel}, a caravanserai, house, or dwelling, as being the apparent dwellings of the sun in his annual course; and the Targumists and Rabbins often employ the words {tereysar mazzalaya}, to denote the signs of the zodiac.

all the host. See on ch.

2 Kings 21:3,4 For he built up again the high places which Hezekiah his father had …

Jeremiah 8:1,2 At that time, said the LORD, they shall bring out the bones of the …

Jeremiah 44:17-19 But we will certainly do whatever thing goes forth out of our own …

And he brought out the grove from the house of the LORD, without Jerusalem, unto the brook Kidron, and burned it at the brook Kidron, and stamped it small to powder, and cast the powder thereof upon the graves of the children of the people.
And he brake down the houses of the sodomites, that were by the house of the LORD, where the women wove hangings for the grove.
And he brought all the priests out of the cities of Judah, and defiled the high places where the priests had burned incense, from Geba to Beersheba, and brake down the high places of the gates that were in the entering in of the gate of Joshua the governor of the city, which were on a man's left hand at the gate of the city.
Nevertheless the priests of the high places came not up to the altar of the LORD in Jerusalem, but they did eat of the unleavened bread among their brethren.
And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech.

Topheth.

Isaiah 30:33 For Tophet is ordained of old; yes, for the king it is prepared; …

Jeremiah 7:31,32 And they have built the high places of Tophet, which is in the valley …

Jeremiah 19:6,11-13 Therefore, behold, the days come, said the LORD, that this place …

Tophet. the valley.

Joshua 15:8 And the border went up by the valley of the son of Hinnom to the …

2 Chronicles 28:3 Moreover he burnt incense in the valley of the son of Hinnom, and …

2 Chronicles 33:6 And he caused his children to pass through the fire in the valley …

Jeremiah 19:2 And go forth to the valley of the son of Hinnom, which is by the …

Jeremiah 32:35 And they built the high places of Baal, which are in the valley of …

Matthew 5:22 But I say to you, That whoever is angry with his brother without …

might make.

2 Kings 16:3 But he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, yes, and made his …

2 Kings 17:17 And they caused their sons and their daughters to pass through the …

2 Kings 21:6 And he made his son pass through the fire, and observed times, and …

Leviticus 18:21 And you shall not let any of your seed pass through the fire to Molech, …

Deuteronomy 18:10 There shall not be found among you any one that makes his son or …

Jeremiah 32:35 And they built the high places of Baal, which are in the valley of …

Ezekiel 16:21 That you have slain my children, and delivered them to cause them …

Ezekiel 20:26,31 And I polluted them in their own gifts, in that they caused to pass …

Ezekiel 23:37-39 That they have committed adultery, and blood is in their hands, and …

And he took away the horses that the kings of Judah had given to the sun, at the entering in of the house of the LORD, by the chamber of Nathanmelech the chamberlain, which was in the suburbs, and burned the chariots of the sun with fire.

the sun.

2 Kings 23:5 And he put down the idolatrous priests, whom the kings of Judah had …

2 Chronicles 14:5 Also he took away out of all the cities of Judah the high places …

2 Chronicles 34:4 And they broke down the altars of Baalim in his presence; and the …

Ezekiel 8:16 And he brought me into the inner court of the LORD's house, and, …

house of the Lord. Throughout the East, the horse because of his swiftness and utility, was dedicated to the sun; and the Greeks and Romans feigned that the chariot of the sun was drawn by four horses, Pyrous, Eous, Aithon, and Phlegon: and hence also chariots were dedicated to that luminary. Jarchi says, that those who adored the sun had horses, which they mounted every morning, to go out to meet him at his rising. The kings of Judah had imitated these idolatrous customs, and kept the horses of the sun even at the entrance of the temple of the Lord!

chamberlain. or, eunuch, or officer.

And the altars that were on the top of the upper chamber of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars which Manasseh had made in the two courts of the house of the LORD, did the king beat down, and brake them down from thence, and cast the dust of them into the brook Kidron.
And the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the right hand of the mount of corruption, which Solomon the king of Israel had builded for Ashtoreth the abomination of the Zidonians, and for Chemosh the abomination of the Moabites, and for Milcom the abomination of the children of Ammon, did the king defile.
And he brake in pieces the images, and cut down the groves, and filled their places with the bones of men.
Moreover the altar that was at Bethel, and the high place which Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin, had made, both that altar and the high place he brake down, and burned the high place, and stamped it small to powder, and burned the grove.
And as Josiah turned himself, he spied the sepulchres that were there in the mount, and sent, and took the bones out of the sepulchres, and burned them upon the altar, and polluted it, according to the word of the LORD which the man of God proclaimed, who proclaimed these words.

burned.

1 Kings 13:1,2,32 And, behold, there came a man of God out of Judah by the word of …

Matthew 24:35 Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away.

John 10:35 If he called them gods, to whom the word of God came, and the scripture …

who proclaimed. The Septuagint and Hexaplar Syriac at Paris insert, 'when Jeroboam stood by the altar at the feast. And turning about, he cast his eyes on the sepulchre of the man of God'--

Then he said, What title is that that I see? And the men of the city told him, It is the sepulchre of the man of God, which came from Judah, and proclaimed these things that thou hast done against the altar of Bethel.
And he said, Let him alone; let no man move his bones. So they let his bones alone, with the bones of the prophet that came out of Samaria.
And all the houses also of the high places that were in the cities of Samaria, which the kings of Israel had made to provoke the LORD to anger, Josiah took away, and did to them according to all the acts that he had done in Bethel.
And he slew all the priests of the high places that were there upon the altars, and burned men's bones upon them, and returned to Jerusalem.
And the king commanded all the people, saying, Keep the passover unto the LORD your God, as it is written in the book of this covenant.
Surely there was not holden such a passover from the days of the judges that judged Israel, nor in all the days of the kings of Israel, nor of the kings of Judah;
But in the eighteenth year of king Josiah, wherein this passover was holden to the LORD in Jerusalem.
Moreover the workers with familiar spirits, and the wizards, and the images, and the idols, and all the abominations that were spied in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, did Josiah put away, that he might perform the words of the law which were written in the book that Hilkiah the priest found in the house of the LORD.

Moreover. 'His eighteenth year ending.'

the workers.

2 Kings 21:3,6 For he built up again the high places which Hezekiah his father had …

1 Samuel 28:3-7 Now Samuel was dead, and all Israel had lamented him, and buried …

Isaiah 8:19 And when they shall say to you, Seek to them that have familiar spirits, …

Isaiah 19:3 And the spirit of Egypt shall fail in the middle thereof; and I will …

Acts 16:16-18 And it came to pass, as we went to prayer, a certain damsel possessed …

Revelation 22:15 For without are dogs, and sorcerers, and fornicators, and murderers, …

images. or, teraphim.

Genesis 31:19 And Laban went to shear his sheep: and Rachel had stolen the images …

Judges 17:5 And the man Micah had an house of gods, and made an ephod, and teraphim, …

Judges 18:17,18 And the five men that went to spy out the land went up, and came …

Hosea 3:4 For the children of Israel shall abide many days without a king, …

that the might.

Leviticus 19:31 Regard not them that have familiar spirits, neither seek after wizards, …

Leviticus 20:27 A man also or woman that has a familiar spirit, or that is a wizard, …

Deuteronomy 18:10-12 There shall not be found among you any one that makes his son or …

Isaiah 8:20 To the law and to the testimony: if they speak not according to this …

Romans 3:20 Therefore by the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified …

James 1:25 But whoever looks into the perfect law of liberty, and continues …

the book.

2 Kings 22:8-13 And Hilkiah the high priest said to Shaphan the scribe, I have found …

2 Chronicles 34:14-19 And when they brought out the money that was brought into the house …

And like unto him was there no king before him, that turned to the LORD with all his heart, and with all his soul, and with all his might, according to all the law of Moses; neither after him arose there any like him.
Notwithstanding the LORD turned not from the fierceness of his great wrath, wherewith his anger was kindled against Judah, because of all the provocations that Manasseh had provoked him withal.
And the LORD said, I will remove Judah also out of my sight, as I have removed Israel, and will cast off this city Jerusalem which I have chosen, and the house of which I said, My name shall be there.
Now the rest of the acts of Josiah, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?
In his days Pharaohnechoh king of Egypt went up against the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates: and king Josiah went against him; and he slew him at Megiddo, when he had seen him.

A.M.

Pharaoh-nechoh. The Targum reads Pharaoh the lame. Pharaoh-nechoh, called Nekos, the son of Psammiticus, by Herodotus (l. i. c.

2 Kings 23:17 Then he said, What title is that that I see? And the men of the city …

2 Kings 23:18 And he said, Let him alone; let no man move his bones. So they let …

2 Kings 23:25 And like to him was there no king before him, that turned to the …

2 Kings 23:33,34,35 And Pharaohnechoh put him in bands at Riblah in the land of Hamath, …

2 Chronicles 35:20-24 After all this, when Josiah had prepared the temple, Necho king of …

Jeremiah 46:2 Against Egypt, against the army of Pharaohnecho king of Egypt, which …

Euphrates.

2 Kings 24:7 And the king of Egypt came not again any more out of his land…

2 Chronicles 35:20 After all this, when Josiah had prepared the temple, Necho king of …

Jeremiah 46:2 Against Egypt, against the army of Pharaohnecho king of Egypt, which …

Josiah went.

2 Chronicles 35:20-23 After all this, when Josiah had prepared the temple, Necho king of …

slew him.

2 Kings 22:20 Behold therefore, I will gather you to your fathers, and you shall …

Ecclesiastes 8:14 There is a vanity which is done on the earth; that there be just …

Ecclesiastes 9:1,2 For all this I considered in my heart even to declare all this, that …

Isaiah 57:1,2 The righteous perishes, and no man lays it to heart: and merciful …

Romans 11:33 O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! …

Migiddo. Migiddo, called Magdolon, Magdolum, by Herodotus, was situated in the tribe of Manasseh, west of Jordan, in the valley of Jezreel, and not far fron Hadad-Rimmon, or Maximianopolis. This shows that Josiah reigned over the country formerly possessed by the ten tribes; and it is also probable, that Nechoh had landed his troops at or near C?sarea of Palestine.

2 Kings 9:27 But when Ahaziah the king of Judah saw this, he fled by the way of …

Joshua 17:11 And Manasseh had in Issachar and in Asher Bethshean and her towns, …

Judges 1:27 Neither did Manasseh drive out the inhabitants of Bethshean and her …

Judges 5:19 The kings came and fought, then fought the kings of Canaan in Taanach …

1 Kings 4:12 Baana the son of Ahilud; to him pertained Taanach and Megiddo, and …

Zechariah 12:11 In that day shall there be a great mourning in Jerusalem, as the …

Megiddon.

Revelation 16:16 And he gathered them together into a place called in the Hebrew tongue …

Armageddon. he had seen him.

2 Kings 14:8,11 Then Amaziah sent messengers to Jehoash, the son of Jehoahaz son …

And his servants carried him in a chariot dead from Megiddo, and brought him to Jerusalem, and buried him in his own sepulchre. And the people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and anointed him, and made him king in his father's stead.
Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.
And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his fathers had done.
And Pharaohnechoh put him in bands at Riblah in the land of Hamath, that he might not reign in Jerusalem; and put the land to a tribute of an hundred talents of silver, and a talent of gold.
And Pharaohnechoh made Eliakim the son of Josiah king in the room of Josiah his father, and turned his name to Jehoiakim, and took Jehoahaz away: and he came to Egypt, and died there.
And Jehoiakim gave the silver and the gold to Pharaoh; but he taxed the land to give the money according to the commandment of Pharaoh: he exacted the silver and the gold of the people of the land, of every one according to his taxation, to give it unto Pharaohnechoh.
Jehoiakim was twenty and five years old when he began to reign; and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Zebudah, the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah.
And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his fathers had done.
Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge by R. A. Torrey [ca. 1880]
Expanded version courtesy INT Bible ©2013, Used by permission

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