1 The beginning of the year is changed
3 The passover is instituted
11 The import of the rite of the passover
15 Unleavened bread, etc.
29 The firstborn are slain
31 The Israelites are driven out of the land
37 They come to Succoth
41 The time of their sojourning
43 The ordinance of the passover

2 This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you.

A.M. 2513. B.C. 1491. An Exodus Isr 1. Abib or Nisan Ex 13:4 23:15 34:18 Le 23:5 Nu 28:16 De 16:1 Es 3:7

3 Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house:

speak ye Ex 4:30 6:6 14:15 20:19 Le 1:2

in the tenth Ex 12:6 Joh 12:1,12

take to Ge 4:4 22:8 1Sa 7:9 Joh 1:29,36 1Co 5:7 Re 5:6-13 7:9-14 13:8

lamb. or kid. The word seh means the young of both sheep and goats, and may be indifferently rendered either lamb or kid. It is evident from ver. 5 that the Hebrews might take either; but they generally preferred a lamb, from being of a more gentle nature. Le 5:6, Nu 15:11 2Ch 35:7

an house. The Israelites were divided into twelve tribes, these tribes into families, the families into houses, and the houses into particular persons. Nu 1:1 Jos 7:14

4 And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbor next unto his house take it according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb.

no reference

5 Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year: ye shall take it out from the sheep, or from the goats:

be without Le 1:3,10 22:19-24 De 17:1 Mal 1:7,8,14 Heb 7:26 9:13,14 1Pe 1:18,19

a male of the first year. Heb. son of a year Le 23:12 1Sa 13:1

6 And ye shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening.

fourteenth Le 23:5 Nu 9:3 28:16,18 De 16:1-6 2Ch 30:15 Eze 45:21

the whole 2Ch 30:15-18 Isa 53:6 Mt 27:20,25 Mr 15:1,8,11,25,33,34 Lu 23:1,18 Ac 2:23 3:14 4:27

in the evening. Heb between the two evenings. The Jews divided the day into morning and evening: till the sun passed the meridian, all was morning or forenoon; after that, all was evening or afternoon. Their first evening began just after twelve o'clock, and continued till sunset; their second evening began at sunset, and continued till night, i.e. during the whole time of twilight; between twelve o'clock, therefore, and the termination of twilight, the passover was to be offered. Ex 16:12 Mt 27:46-50

7 And they shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts and on the upper door post of the houses, wherein they shall eat it.

Ex 12:22,23 Eph 1:7 Heb 9:13,14,22 10:14,29 11:28 1Pe 1:2

8 And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it.

eat the Mt 26:26 Joh 6:52-57

roast De 16:7 Ps 22:14 Isa 53:10

unleavened Ex 13:3,7 34:25 Nu 9:11 De 16:3 Am 4:5 Mt 16:12 1Co 5:6-8 Ga 5:9

with bitter Ex 1:14 Nu 9:11 Zec 12:10 1Th 1:6

9 Eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water, but roast with fire; his head with his legs, and with the purtenance thereof.

but roast with fire Ex 12:8 De 16:7 La 1:13

10 And ye shall let nothing of it remain until the morning; and that which remaineth of it until the morning ye shall burn with fire.

Ex 23:18 29:34 34:25 Le 7:15-17 22:30 De 16:4,5

11 And thus shall ye eat it; with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste: it is the LORD's passover.

loins Mt 26:19,20 Lu 12:35 Eph 6:14 1Pe 1:13

shoes Lu 7:38 15:22 Eph 6:15

it is the Ex 12:27 Le 23:6 Nu 28:16 De 16:2-6 1Co 5:7

12 For I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and will smite all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am the LORD.

pass Ex 12:23 11:4,5 Am 5:17

will smite Ex 12:29,30 11:4-6

against Nu 33:4 1Sa 5:3 6:5 1Ch 14:12 Isa 19:1 Jer 43:13 Zep 2:11

gods. or princes Ex 21:6 22:28 Ps 82:1,6 Joh 10:34

I am the Lord Ex 6:2 Isa 43:11-15 Eze 12:16

13 And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where ye are: and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall not be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt.

the blood Ex 12:23 Ge 17:11 Jos 2:12 Heb 11:28

and when 1Th 1:10 1Jo 1:7

to destroy your. Heb. for a destruction

14 And this day shall be unto you for a memorial; and ye shall keep it a feast to the LORD throughout your generations; ye shall keep it a feast by an ordinance for ever.

memorial Ex 13:9 Nu 16:40 Jos 4:7 Ps 111:4 135:13 Zec 6:14 Mt 26:13 Lu 22:19 1Co 11:23-26

a feast Ex 5:1 De 16:11 Ne 8:9-12

by an ordinance Ex 12:17,24,43 13:10 Le 23:4,5 Nu 10:8 18:8 De 16:1 1Sa 30:25 2Ki 23:21 Eze 46:14 1Co 5:7,8

15 Seven days shall ye eat unleavened bread; even the first day ye shall put away leaven out of your houses: for whosoever eateth leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that soul shall be cut off from Israel.

seven Ex 12:8 13:6,7 23:15 34:18,25 Le 23:5-8 Nu 28:17 De 16:3,5,8 Mt 16:12 Lu 12:1 Ac 12:3

that soul Ex 12:19,20 31:14 Ge 17:14 Le 17:10,14 Nu 9:13 Mal 2:12 Ga 5:12

16 And in the first day there shall be an holy convocation, and in the seventh day there shall be an holy convocation to you; no manner of work shall be done in them, save that which every man must eat, that only may be done of you.

first day Le 23:2,3,7,8,21,24,25,27,35 Nu 28:18,25 29:1,12

no manner Ex 16:5,23,29 20:10 35:2,3 Jer 17:21,22

man Heb. soul

17 And ye shall observe the feast of unleavened bread; for in this selfsame day have I brought your armies out of the land of Egypt: therefore shall ye observe this day in your generations by an ordinance for ever.

in this selfsame Ex 7:5 13:8 Nu 20:16

an ordinance Ex 12:14

18 In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month at even.

Ex 12:1,15 Le 23:5,6 Nu 28:16

19 Seven days shall there be no leaven found in your houses: for whosoever eateth that which is leavened, even that soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he be a stranger, or born in the land.

seven Ex 23:15 34:18 De 16:3 1Co 5:7,8

even that Ex 12:15 Nu 9:13

whether Ex 12:43,48

20 Ye shall eat nothing leavened; in all your habitations shall ye eat unleavened bread.

no reference

21 Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel, and said unto them, Draw out and take you a lamb according to your families, and kill the passover.

elders Ex 3:16 17:5 19:7 Nu 11:16

and take Ex 12:3 Nu 9:2-5 Jos 5:10 2Ki 23:21 2Ch 30:15-17 35:5,6 Ezr 6:20 Mt 26:17-19 Mr 14:12-16 Lu 22:7 1Co 10:4

lamb, or kid Ex 12:3

the passover. That is, the lamb which was called the paschal, or passover lamb; the animal sacrificed obtaining the name of the institution. Paul copies the expression in 1co 5:7

22 And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and strike the lintel and the two side posts with the blood that is in the basin; and none of you shall go out at the door of his house until the morning.

bunch Le 14:6,7 Nu 19:18 Ps 51:7 Heb 9:1,14,19 11:28 12:24 1Pe 1:2

hyssop. The word aizov, which has been variously rendered, most probably denotes Hyssop; whence are derived the Chaldee aizova, Syriac zupha, Arabic zupha, Ethiopic azab, and hushopa, and our hyssop, a name retained, with little variation, in all the western languages. It is a plant of the gymnospermia (naked seeded) order, belonging to the didynamia class. It has bushy stalks, growing a foot and a half high; small spear-shaped, close-sitting, and opposite leaves, with several smaller ones rising from the same joint; and all the stalks and branches terminated by erect whorled spikes of flowers, of different colours in the varieties of the plant. The leaves have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste. Its detersive, cleansing, and medicinal qualities were probably the reason why it was so particularly recommended in Scripture. Strike Ex 12:7

and none Mt 26:30

23 For the LORD will pass through to smite the Egyptians; and when he seeth the blood upon the lintel, and on the two side posts, the LORD will pass over the door, and will not suffer the destroyer to come in unto your houses to smite you.

will pass through Ex 12:12,13

and will not 2Sa 24:16 Isa 37:36 Eze 9:4,6 1Co 10:10 Heb 11:28 12:24 Re 7:3 9:4

24 And ye shall observe this thing for an ordinance to thee and to thy sons for ever.

Ex 12:14 Ge 17:8-10

25 And it shall come to pass, when ye be come to the land which the LORD will give you, according as he hath promised, that ye shall keep this service.

when De 4:5 12:8,9 16:5-9 Jos 5:10-12 Ps 105:44,45

according Ex 3:8,17

26 And it shall come to pass, when your children shall say unto you, What mean ye by this service?

your children Ex 13:8,9,14,15 De 6:7 11:19 32:7 Jos 4:6,7,21-24 Ps 78:3-6 145:4 Isa 38:19 Eph 6:4

27 That ye shall say, It is the sacrifice of the LORD's passover, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians, and delivered our houses. And the people bowed the head and worshipped.

it is the sacrifice Ex 12:11,23 34:25 De 16:2,5 1Co 5:7

bowed Ex 4:31 34:8 1Ch 29:20 2Ch 20:18 29:30 Ne 8:6

28 And the children of Israel went away, and did as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.

Heb 11:28

29 And it came to pass, that at midnight the LORD smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle.

at midnight Ex 12:12 11:4 13:15 Job 34:20 1Th 5:2,3

the Lord smote. The infliction of this judgment on the Egyptians was most equitable; because, after their nation had been preserved by one of the Israelitish family, they had, contrary to all right, and in defiance of original stipulation, enslaved the people to whom they had been so much indebted, and had murdered their offspring, and made their bondage intolerable. Nu 3:13 8:17 33:4 Ps 78:51 105:36 135:8 136:10 Heb 11:28 12:23

the first-born of Pharaoh Ex 4:23 11:5

dungeon. Heb. house of the pit Isa 24:22 51:14 Jer 38:6,13 Zec 9:11

30 And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt; for there was not a house where there was not one dead.

and there was a great cry. No people were more remarkable and frantic in their mournings than the Egyptians. When a relative died, every one left the house, and the women, with their hair loose, and their bosoms bare, ran wild about the street. The men also, with their apparel equally disordered, kept them company; all shrieking, howling, and beating themselves. What a scene of horror and distress must now have presented itself, when there was not a family in Egypt where there was not one dead! Ex 11:6 Pr 21:13 Am 5:17 Mt 25:6 Jas 2:13

31 And he called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, Rise up, and get you forth from among my people, both ye and the children of Israel; and go, serve the LORD, as ye have said.

called Ex 10:29

rise up Ex 3:19,20 6:1 11:1,8 Ps 105:38

the children Ex 10:9

32 Also take your flocks and your herds, as ye have said, and be gone; and bless me also.

your flocks Ex 10:26

bless me Ex 8:28 9:28 Ge 27:34,38

33 And the Egyptians were urgent upon the people, that they might send them out of the land in haste; for they said, We be all dead men.

urgent Ex 11:1 Ps 105:38

we be all Ge 20:3 Nu 17:12,13

34 And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneadingtroughs being bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders.

kneading trough. or dough Ex 8:3

Probably like the kneading-trough of the Arabs; comparatively small wooden bowls, which also serve them for dishes. Their being bound up in their clothes may mean no more than their being wrapped up in their hykes, or long, loose, garments.

35 And the children of Israel did according to the word of Moses; and they borrowed of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment:

Ex 3:21,22 11:2,3 Ge 15:14 Ps 105:37

36 And the LORD gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they lent unto them such things as they required. And they spoiled the Egyptians.

the Lord Ex 3:21 11:3 Ge 39:21 Pr 16:7 Da 1:9 Ac 2:47 7:10

they spoiled Ex 3:22 Ge 15:14 Ps 105:37

37 And the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand on foot that were men, beside children.

the children Nu 33:3,5

Rameses Ex 1:11 Ge 47:11

six hundred Ex 38:26 Ge 12:2 15:5 46:3 Nu 1:46 11:21

38 And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle.

and a mixed multitude. Heb. a great mixture Nu 11:4 Zec 8:23

39 And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual.

thrust Ex 12:33 6:1 11:1

40 Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.

The Samaritan Pentateuch reads, 'Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, and of their fathers in the land of Canaan and in the land of Egypt, was 430 years.' The Alexandrine copy of the LXX. has the same reading; and the same statement is made by the apostle Paul, in Ga 3:17, who reckons from the promise made to Abraham to the giving of the law. That these three witnesses have the truth, the chronology itself proves; for it is evident that the descendants of Israel did not dwell 430 years in Egypt; while it is equally evident, that the period from Abraham's entry into Canaan to the Exodus, is exactly that number. Thus, from Abraham's entrance into the promised land to the birth of Isaac, was 25 years; Isaac was 60 at the birth of Jacob; Jacob was 130 at his going into Egypt; where he and his children continued 215 years more; making in the whole 430 years. sojourning. Ac 13:17 Heb 11:9

for hundred Ge 12:1-3 15:13 Ac 7:6 Ga 3:16,17

41 And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, even the selfsame day it came to pass, that all the hosts of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt.

selfsame Ps 102:13 Da 9:24 Hab 2:3 Joh 7:8 Ac 1:7

hosts Ex 12:51 7:4 Jos 5:14

42 It is a night to be much observed unto the LORD for bringing them out from the land of Egypt: this is that night of the LORD to be observed of all the children of Israel in their generations.

a night to be much observed. Heb. a night of observations Ex 12:14 De 16:1-6

43 And the LORD said unto Moses and Aaron, This is the ordinance of the passover: There shall no stranger eat thereof:

there shall Ex 12:48 Le 22:10 Nu 9:14 Eph 2:12

44 But every man's servant that is bought for money, when thou hast circumcised him, then shall he eat thereof.

circumcised Ge 17:12,13,23

45 A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof.

Le 22:10 Eph 2:12

46 In one house shall it be eaten; thou shalt not carry forth ought of the flesh abroad out of the house; neither shall ye break a bone thereof.

one house 1Co 12:12 Eph 2:19-22

neither Nu 9:12 Joh 19:33,36

47 All the congregation of Israel shall keep it.

all the Ex 12:3,6 Nu 9:13

keep it. Heb. do it

48 And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in the land: for no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof.

a stranger Ex 12:43 Nu 9:14 15:15,16

let all Ge 17:12 Eze 44:9 47:22

shall be Ga 3:28 Col 3:11

49 One law shall be to him that is homeborn, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among you.

Le 24:22 Nu 9:14 15:15,16,29 Ga 3:28 Col 3:11

50 Thus did all the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.

as the Lord De 4:1,2 12:32 Mt 7:24,25 28:20 Joh 2:5 13:17 15:14 Re 22:15

by their armies Ex 12:41 6:26 7:4

51 And it came to pass the selfsame day, that the LORD did bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their armies.

no reference