1 Aaron and his sons are set apart for the priest's office
2 Holy garments are appointed
6 The ephod and girdle
15 The breast-plate with twelve precious stones
30 The Urim and Thummim
31 The robe of the ephod, with pomegranates and bells
36 The plate of the mitre
39 The embroidered coat
40 The garments for Aaron's sons

take Le 8:2 Nu 16:9-11 17:2-9 2Ch 26:18-21 Heb 5:1-5

among Ex 28:41 29:1,9,44 30:30 31:10 35:19 Nu 18:7 De 10:6 1Ch 6:10 2Ch 11:14 Lu 1:8

Nadab Ex 6:23 24:1,9 Le 10:1,12 Nu 2:4 26:61 1Ch 24:1-4

2 And thou shalt make holy garments for Aaron thy brother for glory and for beauty.

holy garments Ex 29:5-9,29,30 31:10 39:1,2 40:13 Le 8:7-9,30 Nu 20:26-28 Ps 132:9,16 Isa 61:3,10 64:6 Zec 3:3,4 Ro 3:22 13:14 Ga 3:27 Heb 7:26 Re 19:8

glory Ex 28:40 19:5,6 Nu 27:20,21 Job 40:10 Ps 90:16,17 96:6 149:4 Isa 4:2 Jer 9:23,24 Ro 5:10 1Co 1:30,31

3 And thou shalt speak unto all that are wise hearted, whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom, that they may make Aaron's garments to consecrate him, that he may minister unto me in the priest's office.

wise hearted Ex 31:3-6 35:30,35 36:1,2 Pr 2:6 Isa 28:24-26

filled De 34:9 Isa 11:2 1Co 12:7-11 Eph 1:17 Jas 1:17

4 And these are the garments which they shall make; a breastplate, and an ephod, and a robe, and a broidered coat, a mitre, and a girdle: and they shall make holy garments for Aaron thy brother, and his sons, that he may minister unto me in the priest's office.

a breastplate. Choshen, in Hebrew is used for the square breast-plate of the high priest, in which were set twelve precious stones, each being engraved with the name of one of the sons of Jacob Ex 28:15 39:8-21 Isa 59:17 Eph 6:14 1Th 5:8 Re 9:17

ephod. The ephod seems to have been a short cloak, without sleeves Ex 28:6-14 39:2-5,21,22 Le 8:7,8 1Sa 2:18 22:18 23:6 30:7 2Sa 6:14

a robe. The word meil, from alah, to ascend, to up on, may be considered as an upper garment that goes up or over the rest, a surtout Ex 28:31-34 39:25,26

broidered Ex 28:29,40 Le 8:7

a mitre Ex 39:28 Le 8:9

a girdle Isa 11:5

5 And they shall take gold, and blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen.

gold Ex 25:3,4 39:2,3

6 And they shall make the ephod of gold, of blue, and of purple, of scarlet, and fine twined linen, with cunning work.

linen Ex 26:1

7 It shall have the two shoulderpieces thereof joined at the two edges thereof; and so it shall be joined together.

Ex 39:4

8 And the curious girdle of the ephod, which is upon it, shall be of the same, according to the work thereof; even of gold, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.

curious or embroidered Ex 28:27,28 29:5 39:20,21 Le 8:7 Isa 11:5 1Pe 1:13 Re 1:13

9 And thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names of the children of Israel:

onyx Ex 28:20 39:13 Ge 2:12 Job 28:16

grave Ex 28:36 39:6 2Ch 2:7 So 8:6 Isa 49:16

10 Six of their names on one stone, and the other six names of the rest on the other stone, according to their birth.

according to their birth Ex 1:1-4 Ge 43:33

11 With the work of an engraver in stone, like the engravings of a signet, shalt thou engrave the two stones with the names of the children of Israel: thou shalt make them to be set in ouches of gold.

engravings of a signet Ex 28:21,36 Jer 22:24 Zec 3:9 Eph 1:13 4:30 2Ti 2:19 Re 7:2

ounces of gold Ex 28:13,14,25 39:6,13,18

12 And thou shalt put the two stones upon the shoulders of the ephod for stones of memorial unto the children of Israel: and Aaron shall bear their names before the LORD upon his two shoulders for a memorial.

the shoulders Ex 28:7 Ps 89:19 Isa 9:6 12:2 Zec 6:13,14 Heb 7:25-28

Aaron shall bear Ex 28:29 39:6,7

for a memorial Ex 12:14 13:9 39:7 Ge 9:12-17 Le 24:7 Nu 16:40 31:54 Jos 4:7 Isa 62:6 Zec 6:14 Lu 1:54,72 Ac 10:4

13 And thou shalt make ouches of gold;

no reference

14 And two chains of pure gold at the ends; of wreathed work shalt thou make them, and fasten the wreathed chains to the ouches.

chains of Ex 28:24 39:15

of wreathen Ex 28:22-25 39:17,18 1Ki 7:17 2Ki 25:17 2Ch 4:12,13

15 And thou shalt make the breastplate of judgment with cunning work; after the work of the ephod thou shalt make it; of gold, of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, and of fine twined linen, shalt thou make it.

the breastplate Ex 28:4,30 39:8 Le 8:8

after Ex 28:6 26:1

16 Foursquare it shall be being doubled; a span shall be the length thereof, and a span shall be the breadth thereof.

no reference

17 And thou shalt set in it settings of stones, even four rows of stones: the first row shall be a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this shall be the first row.

thou shalt Ex 28:9,11 39:10 Mal 3:17

set in it settings of stones. Heb. fill in its fillings of stone. the first row Eze 28:13 Re 21:19-21

a sardius or ruby. The Hebrew odem, from adam, to be red, ruddy, seems to denote the ruby; as adam does in Persian a beautiful gem, of a fine deep red colour, with a mixture of purple. Job 28:18 Pr 3:15 8:11 20:15 31:10 La 4:7

a topaz. Pitdah, is constantly rendered by the LXX and Vulgate with which agrees Josephus. The topaz is a precious stone, of a pale, dead green, with a mixture of yellow, sometimes of a fine yellow; and hence called chrysolyte by the moderns, from its gold colour Job 28:19 Re 21:20

a carbuncle. Bareketh, from barak, to lighten, glitter, a very elegant gem, of a deep red colour, with a mixture of scarlet Isa 54:11,12

18 And the second row shall be an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond.

emerald. Nophech, an emerald, the same with the ancient smaragdus; one of the most beautiful of all the gems, and of a bright green colour, without any mixture Ex 39:11 Eze 27:16

sapphire Ex 24:10 Job 28:6,16 So 5:14 Eze 1:26 10:1 Re 4:3

diamond Jer 17:1 Eze 28:13

19 And the third row a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst.

a ligure Ex 29:12

an agate Isa 54:12

20 And the fourth row a beryl, and an onyx, and a jasper: they shall be set in gold in their inclosings.

a beryl Eze 1:16 10:9 Da 10:6 Re 21:20

an onyx Ex 28:9

a jasper Re 4:3 21:11,18-20

inclosings. Heb. fillings Ex 28:13

21 And the stones shall be with the names of the children of Israel, twelve, according to their names, like the engravings of a signet; every one with his name shall they be according to the twelve tribes.

twelve Ex 28:9-11

according to the twelve 1Ki 18:31 Lu 22:30 Jas 1:1 Re 7:4-8 21:12

22 And thou shalt make upon the breastplate chains at the ends of wreathed work of pure gold.

Ex 28:14

23 And thou shalt make upon the breastplate two rings of gold, and shalt put the two rings on the two ends of the breastplate.

Ex 25:11-15

24 And thou shalt put the two wreathed chains of gold in the two rings which are on the ends of the breastplate.

no reference

25 And the other two ends of the two wreathed chains thou shalt fasten in the two ouches, and put them on the shoulderpieces of the ephod before it.

* wreathen chains Ex 28:14 39:15 * on the shoulder pieces Ex 28:7 * of the ephod Ex 39:4

26 And thou shalt make two rings of gold, and thou shalt put them upon the two ends of the breastplate in the border thereof, which is in the side of the ephod inward.

no reference

27 And two other rings of gold thou shalt make, and shalt put them on the two sides of the ephod underneath, toward the forepart thereof, over against the other coupling thereof, above the curious girdle of the ephod.

the curious girdle Ex 28:8

28 And they shall bind the breastplate by the rings thereof unto the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, that it may be above the curious girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate be not loosed from the ephod.

a lace Ex 28:31,37 39:30,31 Nu 15:38

29 And Aaron shall bear the names of the children of Israel in the breastplate of judgment upon his heart, when he goeth in unto the holy place, for a memorial before the LORD continually.

in the Ex 28:15,30

upon Ex 28:12 Jer 30:21 Ro 10:1

a So 8:6 Isa 49:15,16

30 And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Thummim; and they shall be upon Aaron's heart, when he goeth in before the LORD: and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before the LORD continually.

the Urim and Thummim. lights and perfections; manifestation and truth; and doctrine and truth. Among the various and contradictory opinions respecting the form and substance of these mysterious appendages, the most probable seems to be that of Josephus, Philo, Bp. Patrick, Parkhurst, and the Jewish writers generally; who state, that they were no other than the twelve precious stones of the high priest's breastplate. In support of this statement, it is observed, that in the description of the high priest's breastplate, Ex. 39:8 the Urim and Thummim are not mentioned, but only the rows of stones; and on the contrary, in Lev. 8:8 the Urim and Thummim are expressly mentioned, but not a word is said of the four rows of stones. As Moses has given such a particular description of everything relative to the high priest's dress, these would certainly have been described had they been different from what was previously mentioned. Le 8:8 Nu 27:21 De 33:8 Jud 1:1 20:18,23,27,28 1Sa 23:9-12 28:6 30:7,8 Ezr 2:63 Ne 7:65

bear the judgment Zec 6:13

upon his heart 2Co 6:11,12 7:3 12:15 Php 1:7,8 Heb 2:17 4:15 9:12,24

31 And thou shalt make the robe of the ephod all of blue.

Ex 28:4,28 39:22 Le 8:7

32 And there shall be an hole in the top of it, in the midst thereof: it shall have a binding of woven work round about the hole of it, as it were the hole of an habergeon, that it be not rent.

as it were Ex 39:28 2Ch 26:14 Ne 4:16 Job 41:26

that it be not rent Joh 19:23,24 Eph 4:3-16

33 And beneath upon the hem of it thou shalt make pomegranates of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, round about the hem thereof; and bells of gold between them round about:

and Ex 39:24-26

hem or skirts. pomegranates 1Ki 7:18 2Ki 25:17

bells Zec 14:20

34 A golden bell and a pomegranate, a golden bell and a pomegranate, upon the hem of the robe round about.

Ps 89:15 So 2:3 4:3,13 6:7,11 8:2 Joh 15:4-8,16 Col 1:5,6,10

35 And it shall be upon Aaron to minister: and his sound shall be heard when he goeth in unto the holy place before the LORD, and when he cometh out, that he die not.

goeth in Le 16:2 Heb 9:12

36 And thou shalt make a plate of pure gold, and grave upon it, like the engravings of a signet, HOLINESS TO THE LORD.

a plate of pure gold. The word tzitz, which we translate a plate, properly signifies a flower. It is rendered by the LXX, a leaf, and is called nezer, a crown in ch 29:6 and a diadem, by the author of the book of Wisdom, ch 28:24. Josephus says that it was adorned with three rows of the flower. It was two fingers broad, of a circular form, suited to the shape of the head, and so long that it reached from ear to ear, and was fastened upon a blue lace or ribband, which was tied behind the head; and as the plate reached only half round the head, the remaining part of the ribband was highly ornamented with artificial flowers. grave upon it. Ex 28:9,11

Holiness Ex 39:30 Le 8:9 10:3 19:2 Ps 93:5 Eze 43:12 Zec 14:20 Heb 7:26 12:14 1Pe 1:15,16 2:9 Re 21:27

37 And thou shalt put it on a blue lace, that it may be upon the mitre; upon the forefront of the mitre it shall be.

blue Ex 28:28,31 Nu 15:38

the mitre it Ex 28:4 29:6 39:30,31 Le 8:9 Zec 3:5

38 And it shall be upon Aaron's forehead, that Aaron may bear the iniquity of the holy things, which the children of Israel shall hallow in all their holy gifts; and it shall be always upon his forehead, that they may be accepted before the LORD.

bear the iniquity Ex 28:43 Le 10:17 22:9 Nu 18:1 Isa 53:6,11,12 Eze 4:4-6 Joh 1:29 2Co 5:21 Heb 9:28 1Pe 2:24 3:18

accepted Le 1:4 22:27 23:11 Isa 56:7 60:7 Eph 1:6 1Pe 2:5

39 And thou shalt embroider the coat of fine linen, and thou shalt make the mitre of fine linen, and thou shalt make the girdle of needlework.

embroider Ex 28:4

the girdle Ex 28:8

needlework Ps 45:14

40 And for Aaron's sons thou shalt make coats, and thou shalt make for them girdles, and bonnets shalt thou make for them, for glory and for beauty.

Aaron's Ex 28:4 39:27,29,41 Le 8:13 Eze 44:17,18

bonnets Ex 29:9

glory Ex 28:2 1Ti 2:9,10 6:9-11 Tit 2:7,10 1Pe 3:3,4 5:5

41 And thou shalt put them upon Aaron thy brother, and his sons with him; and shalt anoint them, and consecrate them, and sanctify them, that they may minister unto me in the priest's office.

anoint them Ex 29:7 30:23-30 40:15 Le 10:7 Isa 10:27 61:1 Joh 3:34 2Co 1:21,22 1Jo 2:20,27

and consecrate them. Heb. fill their hand Ex 29:9,24,35 Le 8:1 Nu 3:3 Eze 43:26 Heb 5:4 7:28

minister Ex 28:1,4

42 And thou shalt make them linen breeches to cover their nakedness; from the loins even unto the thighs they shall reach:

breeches Ex 20:26 39:28 Le 6:10 16:4 Eze 44:18 Re 3:18

their nakedness. Heb. flesh of their nakedness. reach Heb. be

43 And they shall be upon Aaron, and upon his sons, when they come in unto the tabernacle of the congregation, or when they come near unto the altar to minister in the holy place; that they bear not iniquity, and die: it shall be a statute for ever unto him and his seed after him.

unto the altar Ex 20:26

bear not iniquity Le 5:1,17 20:19,20 22:9 Nu 9:13 18:22 Mt 22:12,13

a statute Ex 27:21 Le 17:7