1 The confusion of Egypt
11 The foolishness of their princes
18 The calling of Egypt into the church
23 The covenant of Egypt, Assyria, and Israel

Egypt Jer 25:19 43:8-13 44:29,30 46:1 Eze 29:1 30:1 31:1 32:1 Joe 3:19 Zec 10:11 14:18

rideth De 33:26 Ps 18:10-12 68:4,33,34 104:34 Mt 26:64,65 Re 1:7

the idols Isa 21:9 46:1,2 Ex 12:12 1Sa 5:2-4 Jer 43:12 46:25 50:2 51:44 Eze 30:13

the heart Isa 19:16 Ex 15:14-16 Jos 2:9,11,24 Jer 46:5,15,16

2 And I will set the Egyptians against the Egyptians: and they shall fight every one against his brother, and every one against his neighbour; city against city, and kingdom against kingdom.

I will Isa 19:13,14 9:21 Jud 7:22 9:23 1Sa 14:16,20 2Ch 20:22,23 Eze 38:21 Mt 12:25 Re 17:12-17

set. Heb. mingle

3 And the spirit of Egypt shall fail in the midst thereof; and I will destroy the counsel thereof: and they shall seek to the idols, and to the charmers, and to them that have familiar spirits, and to the wizards.

the spirit. This is a prophecy of what took place in Egypt about twenty-two years after the destruction of Sennacherib's army; when, upon the death of Tirhakah, (B.C. 688,) not being able to settle about the succession, they continued for two years in a state of anarchy, confusion, and civil wars; which was followed by the tyranny of twelve princes, who, dividing the country among them, governed it for fifteen years; and at last, by the sole dominion of Psammiticus, which he held for fifty-four years. Isa 19:1,11-13 57:16 1Sa 25:37 Ps 76:12 Jer 46:15 Eze 21:7 22:14

fail. Heb. be emptied
and I Isa 14:27 2Sa 15:31 17:14,23 2Ch 25:16-20 Job 5:12,13 Pr 21:30 1Co 3:19,20

destroy. Heb. swallow up Ps 107:27

and they Isa 8:19 15:2 44:25 47:12 1Ch 10:13 Da 2:2 4:6,7 5:7

4 And the Egyptians will I give over into the hand of a cruel lord; and a fierce king shall rule over them, saith the Lord, the LORD of hosts.

give over. or, shut up 1Sa 23:7 Ps 31:8

a cruel lord. Rather, 'cruel lords,' agreeable to the LXX., Syriac, Vulgate, and the original adonim kasheh. Nebuchadnezzar, who first conquered and ravaged Egypt, B.C. 573, and the following year; and then, not only his successors, but Cambyses, (who invaded Egypt, B.C. 526,) the son of Cyrus, and the whole succession of Persian kings till the time of Alexander, who were in general hard masters, and grievously oppressed the country. Isa 19:2 20:4 Jer 46:26 Eze 29:19

5 And the waters shall fail from the sea, and the river shall be wasted and dried up.

Jer 51:36 Eze 30:12 Zec 10:11 14:18

6 And they shall turn the rivers far away; and the brooks of defence shall be emptied and dried up: the reeds and flags shall wither.

and the Isa 37:25 2Ki 19:24

the reeds Isa 18:2 Ex 2:3 Job 8:11

7 The paper reeds by the brooks, by the mouth of the brooks, and every thing sown by the brooks, shall wither, be driven away, and be no more.

every Isa 32:20 Jer 14:4 Eze 19:13 Joe 1:17,18

be no more. Heb. shall not be

8 The fishers also shall mourn, and all they that cast angle into the brooks shall lament, and they that spread nets upon the waters shall languish.

Ex 7:21 Nu 11:5 Eze 47:10 Hab 1:15

9 Moreover they that work in fine flax, and they that weave networks, shall be confounded.

work 1Ki 10:28 Pr 7:16 Eze 27:7

net works. or, white works

10 And they shall be broken in the purposes thereof, all that make sluices and ponds for fish.

purposes. Heb. foundations
make Ex 7:19 8:5 De 11:10

for fish. or, of living things

11 Surely the princes of Zoan are fools, the counsel of the wise counsellors of Pharaoh is become brutish: how say ye unto Pharaoh, I am the son of the wise, the son of ancient kings?

the princes Isa 19:3,13 29:14 44:25 Job 5:12,13 12:17 Ps 33:10 Jer 49:7 Eze 7:26 1Co 1:19,20

Zoan Isa 30:4 Nu 13:22 Ps 78:12,43 Eze 30:14

brutish Ps 73:22 92:6 Pr 30:2 Jer 10:14,21

I am Ge 41:38,39 1Ki 4:30 Ac 7:22

12 Where are they? where are thy wise men? and let them tell thee now, and let them know what the LORD of hosts hath purposed upon Egypt.

where are thy Isa 5:21 47:10-13 Jud 9:38 Jer 2:28 1Co 1:20

let them Isa 40:13,14 41:22,23 44:7 Job 11:6,7 Ro 11:33,34

13 The princes of Zoan are become fools, the princes of Noph are deceived; they have also seduced Egypt, even they that are the stay of the tribes thereof.

princes of Zoan Isa 19:11 Ro 1:22

Noph Jer 2:16 46:14,19 Eze 30:13

stay. or, governors. Heb. corners Nu 24:17 1Sa 14:38 Zec 10:4 1Pe 2:7

14 The LORD hath mingled a perverse spirit in the midst thereof: and they have caused Egypt to err in every work thereof, as a drunken man staggereth in his vomit.

hath mingled Isa 19:2 29:10,14 47:10,11 1Ki 22:20-23 Job 12:16 Eze 14:7-9 2Th 2:11

perverse spirit. Heb. spirit of perverseness
as a Isa 28:7,8 29:9 Job 12:25 Jer 25:15,16,27 48:26

15 Neither shall there be any work for Egypt, which the head or tail, branch or rush, may do.

Isa 9:14,15 Ps 128:2 Pr 14:23 Hab 3:17 Hag 1:11 1Th 4:11,12

16 In that day shall Egypt be like unto women: and it shall be afraid and fear because of the shaking of the hand of the LORD of hosts, which he shaketh over it.

like Isa 30:17 Ps 48:6 Jer 30:6-7 50:37 51:30 Na 3:13

the shaking Isa 10:32 11:15 30:30-32 Zec 2:9

17 And the land of Judah shall be a terror unto Egypt, every one that maketh mention thereof shall be afraid in himself, because of the counsel of the LORD of hosts, which he hath determined against it.

the land Isa 36:1 Jer 25:19,27-31 43:8-13 44:28-30 Eze 29:6,7

because Isa 14:24,26,27 20:2-5 46:10,11 Da 4:35

18 In that day shall five cities in the land of Egypt speak the language of Canaan, and swear to the LORD of hosts; one shall be called, The city of destruction.

that day Isa 19:19,21 2:11 Zec 2:11

shall five Isa 11:11 27:13 Ps 68:31

speak Zep 3:9

language. Heb. lip Ge 11:1

and swear Isa 45:23,24 De 10:20 Ne 10:29 Jer 12:16

destruction. Heb. Heres, or, the sun. Instead of heres, 'destruction,' which is also the reading of Aquila, Theodotion, and the Syriac, fifteen MSS. and seven editions have cheres, 'the sun;' agreeable to Symmachus, the Arabic, and Vulagte; while the Chaldee takes in both readings; and the LXX. reads 'the city of righteousness,' a name apparently contrived by the party of Onias, to give credit to his temple. As, however, heres in Arabic signifies a lion, Conrad Ikenius is of opinion that the place here mentioned is not Heliopolis, as is commonly supposed, but Leontopolis in the Heliopolitan name, as it is termed in the letter of Onias to Ptolemy. The whole passage from this verse to the end, contains a general intimation of the propagation of the knowledge of the true God in Egypt and Syria, under the successors of Alexander, and the early reception of the gospel in the same countries.

19 In that day shall there be an altar to the LORD in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar at the border thereof to the LORD.

Isa 66:23 Ge 12:7 28:18 Ex 24:4 Jos 22:10,26 Zec 6:15 Heb 13:10

20 And it shall be for a sign and for a witness unto the LORD of hosts in the land of Egypt: for they shall cry unto the LORD because of the oppressors, and he shall send them a saviour, and a great one, and he shall deliver them.

for a Isa 55:13 Jos 4:20,21 22:27,28,34 24:26,27

they shall Isa 19:4 20:4 52:5 Ex 2:23 3:7 2Ki 13:4,5 Ps 50:15 Jas 5:4

he shall send Isa 37:36 45:21,22 Lu 2:11 Tit 2:13

21 And the LORD shall be known to Egypt, and the Egyptians shall know the LORD in that day, and shall do sacrifice and oblation; yea, they shall vow a vow unto the LORD, and perform it.

Lord shall Isa 11:9 37:20 55:5 1Ki 8:43 Ps 67:2 98:2,3 Hab 2:14 Joh 17:3 Ga 4:8,9

and shall Zep 3:10 Mal 1:11 Joh 4:21-24 Ro 15:27,28 1Pe 2:5,9

shall vow Isa 44:5 Ec 5:4 Jon 1:16

22 And the LORD shall smite Egypt: he shall smite and heal it: and they shall return even to the LORD, and he shall be intreated of them, and shall heal them.

he shall smite Isa 19:1 De 32:39 Job 5:18 Ho 5:15 6:2 Heb 12:11

they shall Isa 6:10 55:7 Ho 14:1 Am 4:6-12 Ac 26:17-20 28:26,27

23 In that day shall there be a highway out of Egypt to Assyria, and the Assyrian shall come into Egypt, and the Egyptian into Assyria, and the Egyptians shall serve with the Assyrians.

Isa 11:16 35:8-10 40:3-5 Eph 2:18-22 3:6-8

24 In that day shall Israel be the third with Egypt and with Assyria, even a blessing in the midst of the land:

shall Isa 6:13 49:6,22 65:8,22 66:12,19-21 De 32:43 Ps 117:1 Zec 2:10,11 8:20-23 Lu 2:32 Ro 10:11-13 15:9-12,27

a blessing Isa 65:8 Ge 12:2 Eze 34:26 Zec 8:13 Ga 3:14

25 Whom the LORD of hosts shall bless, saying, Blessed be Egypt my people, and Assyria the work of my hands, and Israel mine inheritance.

the Lord Isa 61:9 65:23 Nu 6:24,27 24:1 Ps 67:6,7 115:15 Eph 1:3

blessed Isa 29:23 Ps 100:3 138:8 Ho 2:23 Ro 3:29 9:24,25 Ga 6:15 Eph 2:10 Php 1:6 Col 3:10,11 1Pe 2:10

and Israel De 32:9